If your child has asthma, you may find yourself wondering whether it runs in the family. Perhaps you have asthma yourself, your partner had wheezing as a child, or a close relative has eczema, hay fever, or other allergies. It is natural to ask whether your child inherited the condition.
The answer is more complex than a simple yes or no. Asthma does have a genetic component and often runs in families, but it is not usually caused by a single gene passed directly from parent to child. Instead, it develops through a combination of genetic susceptibility, immune responses, environmental factors, and individual triggers.
This can be reassuring for parents. A family history may increase your child’s likelihood of developing asthma, but it does not make the condition inevitable. Likewise, some children develop asthma even when there is no obvious family history, which is why every child should be assessed on their own symptoms and medical history.
Understanding the role of genetics can help you make sense of your child’s asthma, but it should not lead to unnecessary worry or guilt. The most important focus is recognising symptoms early, seeking the right medical advice, and following an appropriate treatment plan.
What Does Hereditary Actually Mean?
When you hear that a condition is hereditary, you might think it is passed directly from a parent to a child. While that is true for some single-gene conditions, childhood asthma usually does not follow such a simple pattern.
Asthma is a complex condition influenced by many different genes as well as environmental and biological factors. These work together to affect whether asthma develops and how it behaves.
Rather than inheriting asthma in a simple, predictable way, your child may inherit genetic variations that increase susceptibility to asthma, altered immune responses or airway-related traits associated with the condition. This means family history can increase risk, but it does not determine whether your child will definitely develop asthma.
Does Asthma Run in Families?
Yes, asthma can run in families. Research consistently shows that children with a parent who has asthma are more likely to develop the condition than children without a family history of asthma.
However, family history does not guarantee that your child will develop asthma. Some children with two parents who have asthma never develop the condition, while others may develop asthma despite having no obvious family history.
This is because genes are only one part of the picture. A combination of genetic factors, allergies, infections, and environmental exposures all contribute to whether asthma develops and how it affects your child.
Is There One Asthma Gene?
There is no single “asthma gene” that explains most cases of childhood asthma. Instead, researchers have identified many different genetic variations that can increase a child’s susceptibility, showing that asthma has a complex genetic background.
One of the best-studied genetic regions in childhood asthma is the chromosome 17q12–21 region. However, this does not explain every case, and you should remember that many children with asthma do not share the same genetic pattern.
Researchers continue to study how multiple genes interact with environmental factors to influence asthma risk. The current understanding is that your child’s asthma develops through a combination of inherited susceptibility and environmental exposures rather than one faulty gene alone.
Why Two Children in the Same Family Can Be Different
Children in the same family can have very different experiences with asthma. You may find that one child develops asthma or allergies, while another has no symptoms at all, even though they grow up in the same home.
This happens because siblings do not inherit exactly the same combination of genes unless they are identical twins. They may also experience different infections, allergens, and other environmental exposures as they grow.
Genetics can increase a child’s susceptibility to asthma, but it does not determine the outcome on its own. Differences in immune responses, early childhood illnesses, and other factors all help explain why one child may develop asthma while another does not.
How Much Does Family History Matter?
Family history is an important part of assessing asthma, but it is only one piece of the picture. Your child’s symptoms, triggers, examination, and age-appropriate tests are all considered before a diagnosis is made.
Current UK guidance recommends a structured clinical assessment and objective testing for children aged 5 to 16 when asthma is suspected. In younger children, diagnosis can be more challenging, so treatment and regular review may be used while the pattern of symptoms becomes clearer.
Telling your doctor that asthma runs in your family is valuable information, but it does not mean every cough or wheeze is caused by asthma. Your child still needs an individual assessment to reach the most accurate diagnosis.
Which Family History Is Relevant?
When discussing your child’s medical history, you should mention asthma in parents and siblings. It is also helpful to tell the doctor about related allergic conditions such as eczema and hay fever, as these can provide useful background.
Asthma often overlaps with allergic conditions because some of the underlying genetic and immune factors are linked. However, not every child with eczema or hay fever will go on to develop asthma.
You do not need to know every detail of your family’s medical history. Even knowing that asthma or allergies are common on one side of the family can give your child’s healthcare professional helpful information during the assessment.
Does It Matter Whether the Mother or Father Has Asthma?
Researchers have studied whether asthma in the mother or father affects a child’s asthma risk differently. Some studies suggest maternal asthma may be linked with a slightly higher risk, while others have found that asthma in either parent is important.
Although research continues, the evidence is not completely settled. What is clear is that a family history of asthma in either parent is relevant when assessing a child’s symptoms and overall risk.
For parents, the practical message is reassuring. Asthma in either parent can increase susceptibility, but it does not mean one parent is responsible for causing the condition. Your child’s symptoms and medical assessment are far more important than which parent has asthma.
Why Maternal Asthma Is Studied Separately
Researchers often study maternal asthma separately because pregnancy involves additional biological and environmental influences. Alongside inherited genes, factors during pregnancy may also affect a baby’s early development, making the relationship more complex than simple inheritance.
A link between maternal asthma and childhood asthma may reflect genetics, pregnancy-related influences, or a combination of both. Researchers are still working to understand how these factors interact and what role each one plays.
For parents, the key message is reassuring. You should not see this research as a reason to feel guilty. Having asthma does not mean you have done anything wrong, nor does it mean your child will definitely develop asthma.
Genetic Risk Compared With Environmental Risk
Parents often wonder whether asthma is caused mainly by genes or the environment. In reality, the two work together, and it is difficult to separate their effects completely.
A child may inherit a tendency towards sensitive airways, while environmental factors such as viral infections, tobacco smoke, or air pollution may influence whether symptoms develop. Current research increasingly focuses on how these genetic and environmental factors interact.
This helps explain why asthma can be common within one family but affect each family member differently. Your child’s individual symptoms and medical assessment remain the most important guide to diagnosis and treatment.
Understanding Gene Environment Interaction
Gene environment interaction means that the same environmental exposure may affect children differently depending on their genetic background. In other words, some children may be more sensitive to certain triggers than others.
Research has identified gene–environment interactions involving variants in the 17q12–21 region and early-life exposures such as tobacco smoke, although these findings describe population-level risk and do not predict an individual child’s outcome. This helps scientists understand why some children appear more vulnerable to developing asthma.
For parents, the key message is simple: you do not need genetic testing to manage your child’s asthma. The focus should remain on avoiding known triggers where possible, following your child’s asthma plan, and seeking medical advice if symptoms change.
Genetics and Environment at a Glance
The table below shows how different factors may contribute to childhood asthma without suggesting that any single factor guarantees the condition.
| Factor | Possible Role | What It Means for Parents |
| Parent with asthma | May increase inherited susceptibility | Your child has increased risk, not certainty |
| Sibling with asthma | Suggests shared genetic and environmental influences | Mention this during medical assessment |
| Eczema or hay fever | May indicate an allergic tendency | These conditions can overlap with asthma |
| Tobacco smoke exposure | Can irritate airways and interact with susceptibility | Keep your child’s environment smoke-free |
| Air pollution | May worsen respiratory symptoms and contribute to asthma risk | Reduce avoidable exposure when practical |
| Viral infections | Can trigger wheezing and asthma flare-ups | Follow your child’s asthma plan during illness |
| Allergens | Can trigger symptoms in sensitised children | Focus on triggers genuinely relevant to your child |
| Genetic variants | Influence susceptibility and immune pathways | Routine care does not depend on one “asthma gene” result |
The important point is that risk factors overlap. Your child’s asthma story may involve several influences rather than one clear cause.
Allergies in Childhood Asthma Risk
Asthma and allergic conditions frequently occur together. A child may have asthma alongside eczema, hay fever or sensitivity to environmental allergens.
This does not mean allergy is the cause of every case of asthma. Childhood asthma includes different patterns, and some children have strong allergic features while others do not.
If your child’s symptoms seem linked to pollen, pets, dust or another suspected allergen, tell their doctor. Allergy history can form part of a wider assessment, but symptoms and test results need to be interpreted together.
Can Eczema Predict Asthma?
Eczema, hay fever, and asthma can occur together in some children, a pattern sometimes called the “allergic march.” However, this is not a fixed pathway. A child with eczema may never develop asthma, and many children with asthma have never had eczema.
The overlap is thought to reflect shared genetic and immune factors rather than a guaranteed progression from one condition to another. Eczema can be a reason to stay alert to recurring respiratory symptoms, but it should not be treated as a prediction that asthma is unavoidable.
Can Air Pollution Cause Asthma in a Genetically Susceptible Child?
Air pollution is one of the environmental factors being studied in childhood asthma research. Evidence suggests it may increase asthma risk in some genetically susceptible children, although it is rarely the only cause.
Research supports the view that childhood asthma develops through a combination of inherited and environmental influences rather than a single trigger. Air pollution is one part of this wider picture.
You do not need to try to remove every source of pollution from your child’s life. Instead, focus on practical steps where possible and follow your child’s asthma plan if they have been diagnosed with the condition.
Viral Infections and Asthma Development
Viral infections are a common trigger for wheezing and asthma flare-ups in children. However, not every child who wheezes during a cold will go on to develop persistent asthma. In younger children, wheezing may improve as the airways grow, which is why diagnosing asthma under the age of 5 can be more challenging.
You may notice that one child develops a persistent cough or wheeze with every cold, while another recovers quickly. Differences in airway size, immune responses, allergy tendency, and genetic susceptibility may all play a role, although researchers are still studying these interactions.
You can help by keeping track of your child’s symptom pattern. Tell your doctor whether symptoms occur only during viral infections or also between illnesses, at night, or during exercise. This information can be very helpful when assessing whether your child is likely to have asthma.
Genetics Do Not Tell You How Severe Asthma Will Be
A family history of asthma does not determine how severe your child’s asthma will be. Some children have mild, occasional symptoms, while others experience more frequent flare-ups. Your child’s asthma pattern cannot be predicted from family history alone.
Asthma should be assessed based on your child’s own symptoms, reliever inhaler use, sleep, exercise tolerance, asthma attacks, and response to treatment. Current UK guidance focuses on monitoring the individual child rather than relying on genetic risk.
Although genetic susceptibility cannot be changed, it does not mean asthma cannot be managed effectively. You should focus on practical steps such as keeping your home smoke-free, seeking medical assessment for recurring symptoms, and following your child’s treatment plan if asthma is diagnosed.
Can You Test a Child for Asthma Genes?
Routine childhood asthma diagnosis is not based on genetic testing. Instead, current UK guidance recommends a structured clinical assessment and age-appropriate objective tests to help confirm whether your child has asthma.
Genetic studies are valuable because they help researchers understand how asthma develops and may lead to better treatments in the future. However, finding a genetic variant linked to asthma cannot predict with certainty whether an individual child will develop the condition.
You should be cautious of tests that claim to predict childhood asthma from DNA alone. Asthma risk is influenced by many genetic and environmental factors, so no single genetic test can provide a simple yes-or-no answer.
Asthma Genetics Research and What It Has Taught Us
Researchers have identified many genetic variations linked to asthma through large genetic studies. These findings have improved our understanding of how the immune system and airways contribute to the condition.
However, genetics explains only part of why asthma develops. Researchers are continuing to study larger and more diverse populations to better understand how genes interact with environmental factors.
This research may lead to more precise diagnosis and targeted treatments in the future. For now, your child’s asthma care should still be guided by their symptoms, appropriate clinical assessment, and how well they respond to treatment.
Evidence Note:
Genetic research shows that childhood asthma is a complex condition involving many genetic variants rather than one single asthma gene. Studies have identified important susceptibility regions, including 17q12-21, while newer research continues to explore genetic markers, epigenetic changes and interactions between inherited susceptibility and environmental exposures.
For parents, this means family history is useful information, but it cannot predict exactly whether your child will develop asthma or how severe it may become. Your child’s own symptoms, triggers, clinical assessment and appropriate testing remain the most important factors when making decisions about diagnosis and care.
Childhood-Onset and Adult-Onset Asthma Are Not Identical
Childhood asthma and adult-onset asthma are not exactly the same condition. Research suggests they can have different genetic patterns, supporting the idea that asthma is not one single disease.
Some studies have found stronger genetic links in childhood-onset asthma than in asthma that develops later in life. This helps researchers better understand why asthma can vary so much from one person to another.
The important message for parents is that childhood asthma should always be assessed in its own context. You should not assume that information about adult asthma applies directly to your child, as children often need age-specific assessment and treatment.
Family Risk Does Not Replace a Proper Diagnosis
A family history of asthma can make the diagnosis more likely, but it does not confirm that your child has asthma. Coughing, wheezing, and breathlessness can have several different causes, so it is important not to rely on family history alone.
Current UK guidance recommends objective testing for children aged 5 to 16 when asthma is suspected, alongside a careful assessment of symptoms and medical history. If the diagnosis remains uncertain, your child may be referred for a specialist review and further investigations where appropriate.
Family history is an important clue, but your child still needs their own assessment to reach the most accurate diagnosis. This helps ensure they receive the right treatment for their symptoms rather than being treated based on family history or assumptions alone.
Family History Questions That May Come Up During Assessment
During an asthma assessment, your doctor may ask about asthma, eczema, hay fever and other allergic conditions in the family. You may also be asked when your child’s symptoms started and what triggers them.
The table below can help you prepare useful information before the appointment.
| Information to Think About | Example Question to Consider |
| Parental asthma | Does either parent currently have asthma or have a childhood history of it? |
| Sibling asthma | Does a brother or sister have diagnosed asthma or recurrent wheeze? |
| Allergic conditions | Is eczema or hay fever common in close relatives? |
| Symptom timing | Does your child cough or wheeze only during colds or also between illnesses? |
| Night symptoms | Does coughing wake your child from sleep? |
| Exercise symptoms | Do running or active play trigger cough or breathlessness? |
| Environmental pattern | Are symptoms worse around smoke, pollen, pets, damp or pollution? |
| Treatment response | Have previous inhalers helped, and how quickly? |
Writing down these details can make the appointment more useful. A clear symptom pattern is often more informative than trying to remember everything while you are in the consultation.
Should Siblings Without Symptoms Be Tested?
A child who has no asthma symptoms does not usually need testing simply because a parent or sibling has asthma. While family history increases the chance of developing asthma, it does not mean every child in the family will have the condition.
Instead, you should watch for recurring symptoms such as wheezing, night-time coughing, breathlessness, or symptoms during exercise. If these develop, you should arrange a medical assessment.
You should never give one child another child’s inhaler, even if their symptoms seem similar. Asthma medicines should always be prescribed for the individual child after a proper assessment. If you notice repeated breathing symptoms, it is safer to seek medical advice rather than starting treatment on your own.
Should You Avoid Pets Because Asthma Runs in the Family?
A family history of asthma does not automatically mean you should avoid keeping pets. The link between pets, allergies, and asthma is complex, and there is no single rule that applies to every family.
If your child has asthma and a confirmed or suspected allergy to an animal, reducing exposure may be part of their treatment plan. However, you should not make the decision to remove a family pet based on family history alone.
If you are concerned, discuss your child’s symptoms with their healthcare professional. Allergy testing may be helpful in some cases, but the results should always be considered alongside your child’s actual symptoms and reactions.
Should You Try to Remove Every Allergen From the Home?
It is usually unrealistic to try to remove every allergen from your home. Dust, pollen, and outdoor pollution cannot be eliminated completely, and not every child reacts to the same triggers.
A better approach is to identify the triggers that genuinely affect your child and make practical changes where needed. You may find it helpful to keep your home smoke-free, deal with damp or mould, and follow specific allergy advice if a trigger has been confirmed.
You should avoid expensive or extreme changes unless there is clear evidence that they will benefit your child. Focusing on proven triggers is often the most practical and effective approach.
What Parents Can Control and What They Cannot
Parents often wonder whether they could have prevented their child’s asthma, but it is important to remember that asthma develops through a complex mix of genetic and environmental factors. You cannot control your child’s genetic inheritance or every exposure they experience.
Instead, you should focus on the things you can influence. Avoiding tobacco smoke, following your child’s asthma action plan, attending regular reviews, and using medicines correctly can all support better asthma control.
By concentrating on these practical steps, you can help manage your child’s asthma effectively without carrying unnecessary guilt about factors beyond your control.
Can a Healthy Lifestyle Override Genetic Risk?
A healthy lifestyle is important, but it cannot guarantee that a child with a genetic tendency will not develop asthma. You should be cautious of claims that diets, supplements, or “detox” treatments can prevent asthma or switch asthma genes off.
Healthy habits such as regular physical activity, a balanced diet, good sleep, and avoiding tobacco smoke all support your child’s overall wellbeing. These steps are worthwhile, whether or not asthma runs in your family.
However, a healthy lifestyle should support, not replace, proper medical care. If your child has asthma symptoms, you should seek medical assessment and follow the treatment plan recommended by their healthcare professional.
Does Breastfeeding Prevent Asthma?
Breastfeeding has been studied extensively in relation to childhood asthma risk. Some research has found an association with a lower risk of asthma or wheezing in younger children, but the evidence is complex and does not mean breastfeeding can guarantee that asthma will be prevented.
You should not feel guilty about how your child was fed. Asthma develops through many interacting genetic, immune and environmental influences, and no single feeding decision determines whether a child will develop the condition.
If you are making feeding decisions for a baby, follow advice from your healthcare team based on your and your baby’s individual circumstances rather than relying on claims that one feeding method can completely prevent asthma.
What About Epigenetics?
Epigenetics is the study of how genes are regulated without changing the DNA itself. Researchers are exploring whether early environmental exposures may influence immune development and affect asthma risk.
This is still an active area of research, and scientists are continuing to investigate how genes and the environment interact. You should remember that these findings describe patterns across large groups of people rather than predicting what will happen to one individual child.
Current research does not show that a single exposure causes a child’s asthma. Your child’s symptoms, medical history, and clinical assessment remain the most important factors when making decisions about care.
Can Genetics Affect Treatment Response?
Researchers are studying whether genetic differences may help predict which asthma medicines work best for different children. This area, known as pharmacogenomics, aims to make asthma treatment more personalised in the future.
At present, your child’s treatment is still based mainly on symptoms, inhaler technique, treatment response, and clinical assessment rather than genetic testing. You should continue following the treatment plan recommended by your child’s healthcare professional.
While genetic research is promising, it is not yet part of routine childhood asthma care. You should not delay proven treatments while waiting for personalised genetic approaches.
Why Asthma Risk Is About Probability, Not Prediction
A family history of asthma increases your child’s risk, but it does not mean they will definitely develop the condition. It simply means the likelihood is higher than in children without the same risk factors.
Doctors use family history to help assess symptoms, but it cannot predict whether asthma will develop or how severe it might become. Your child’s symptoms and overall health are always the most important factors when making decisions.
Think of genetics as one part of the picture, not the whole story. Your child’s individual health and medical assessment should always guide their care.
When to Seek an Asthma Assessment
You should seek a medical assessment if your child has recurring wheeze, a persistent cough, night-time symptoms, breathlessness, or symptoms during exercise. Even without a family history of asthma, repeated symptoms should always be checked. You should also tell the doctor about any family history of asthma, eczema, or hay fever.
A specialist review may be helpful if your child’s symptoms continue despite treatment or if the diagnosis is unclear. The specialist may review your child’s symptoms, triggers, inhaler technique, family history, and carry out appropriate tests if needed.
The aim is to reach the most accurate diagnosis and create the right treatment plan for your child. A thorough assessment can help you understand your child’s asthma better and improve long-term symptom control.
What to Bring to an Asthma Appointment
Before your child’s asthma appointment, you should bring their current inhalers and spacer if they use one. You may be asked to show how the devices are used, as checking inhaler technique is an important part of the review.
You should also make a note of when your child’s symptoms occur. This might include night-time coughing, symptoms during exercise, flare-ups with viral infections, possible allergy triggers, and any recent urgent care visits, hospital treatment, or courses of oral steroids.
It can also be helpful to write down a brief family history before the appointment. You do not need anything detailed, but information about asthma, eczema, or hay fever in parents or siblings can give your healthcare professional useful background.
Key Takeaways:
- Asthma can run in families, but your child does not inherit asthma in a simple or predictable way.
- Many genes can influence asthma susceptibility, and environmental factors also play an important role.
- A parent or sibling with asthma increases risk, but it does not mean your child will definitely develop the condition.
- Eczema, hay fever and other allergic conditions can be relevant when assessing asthma risk, but they do not guarantee that asthma will develop.
- Routine childhood asthma diagnosis is based on symptoms, medical history and appropriate clinical testing, not genetic testing.
- Healthy habits and avoiding tobacco smoke support overall health, but no diet, supplement or lifestyle change can guarantee that asthma will be prevented.
- Recurrent wheezing, night-time coughing, exercise-related symptoms or breathlessness should be medically assessed, whether or not asthma runs in the family.
FAQs:
1. Is asthma hereditary in children?
Yes, asthma has a hereditary component and often runs in families. However, it is not inherited in a simple way. A child may inherit a higher risk of developing asthma, but genetics alone do not determine whether they will develop the condition.
2. If a parent has asthma, will their child definitely develop it?
No. Having a parent with asthma increases a child’s risk, but it does not mean they will definitely develop asthma. Many children with a family history never develop the condition, while some children with no family history are diagnosed with asthma.
3. Is there a single gene that causes asthma?
No. Researchers have identified many genes that may increase susceptibility to asthma, but there is no single “asthma gene” responsible for the condition. Asthma develops through a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
4. Can a child develop asthma even if nobody else in the family has it?
Yes. Although family history is an important risk factor, many children diagnosed with asthma have no close relatives with the condition. Environmental exposures, allergies and individual immune responses also play important roles.
5. Does having eczema or hay fever increase the risk of asthma?
Yes. Children with eczema or hay fever are more likely to develop asthma because these conditions often share similar allergic and immune pathways. However, not every child with eczema or hay fever will develop asthma.
6. Can environmental factors trigger asthma in children who are genetically susceptible?
Yes. Factors such as tobacco smoke, air pollution, viral infections, pollen and allergens may interact with a child’s genetic susceptibility and increase the likelihood of asthma symptoms developing or worsening.
7. Can genetic testing predict whether my child will develop asthma?
No. Routine genetic testing is not used to diagnose or predict childhood asthma. Doctors rely on your child’s symptoms, medical history, physical examination and, where appropriate, lung function tests rather than DNA testing.
8. Should my other children be tested if one child has asthma?
Not usually. Healthy siblings do not need asthma testing simply because another family member has asthma. However, if they develop recurring wheezing, persistent cough, breathlessness or exercise-related symptoms, they should be assessed by a healthcare professional.
9. Can asthma be prevented if it runs in the family?
There is no guaranteed way to prevent asthma, even when there is a family history. However, avoiding tobacco smoke, managing allergies, reducing exposure to known triggers and seeking early medical assessment for persistent symptoms may help reduce risks and improve outcomes.
10. When should medical advice be sought if asthma runs in the family?
Arrange a medical assessment if your child develops recurring wheezing, persistent coughing, breathlessness, night-time symptoms or exercise-related breathing problems. Family history is valuable information, but every child should receive an individual assessment before asthma is diagnosed.
Final Thoughts: Understanding Your Child’s Asthma Risk
If asthma runs in your family, it is understandable to wonder whether your child will develop the condition too. Genetics can increase susceptibility, but asthma is not usually inherited through one gene or in a predictable parent-to-child pattern. Your child’s risk is shaped by a combination of genetic factors, immune responses, allergies, infections, and environmental exposures.
The most helpful approach is to focus on your child rather than trying to predict their future from family history alone. Watch for recurring symptoms such as wheezing, night-time coughing, breathlessness, or difficulty during exercise, and seek medical advice if you are concerned. An individual assessment can help determine whether asthma is likely and whether testing, treatment, or monitoring is appropriate.
If you are considering support from a children’s asthma clinic in London, you can get in touch with London Paediatric Clinic to discuss your child’s symptoms, family history and individual asthma risk. A specialist assessment can help clarify whether further investigation or monitoring is appropriate and ensure your child receives advice tailored to their symptoms and medical history.
References:
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2024) Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management (BTS, NICE, SIGN). NICE guideline NG245. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng245
- Rsovac, S., Cukanovic, N., Zekovic, L., Selakovic, V. and Milosevic, K. (2026) Two-Level Meta-Analysis of Genetic and Epigenetic Markers of Asthma in Preschool Children, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 15(3), p.1229. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/3/1229
- Yu, H. et al. (2021) The Asthma Family Tree: Evaluating Associations Between Childhood, Parental, and Grandparental Asthma in Seven Chinese Cities, Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9, p.720273. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8579020/
- Stein, M.M. et al. (2018) A decade of research on the 17q12-21 asthma locus: Piecing together the puzzle, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 142(3), pp.749–764.e3. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29307657/
- Pividori, M., Schoettler, N., Nicolae, D.L., Ober, C. and Im, H.K. (2019) Shared and distinct genetic risk factors for childhood-onset and adult-onset asthma: genome-wide and transcriptome-wide studies, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 7(6), pp.509–522. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213260019300554
- Melén, E. et al. (2024) Asthma Inception: Epidemiologic Risk Factors and Natural History Across the Life Course, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 210(6), pp.737–754. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/ajrccm/article/210/6/737/8491451